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# SN 45.165 · Suffering (Dukkhata Sutta)
- URL: https://www.journal.ninthheaven.co/civilisation/trad-buddhism/sn-45-165/
- Published: 2026-06-20T01:16:00.000Z
- Updated: 2026-07-13T16:56:07.000Z
- Description: Saṁyutta Nikāya · SN 45.165. Translated by Maurice O'Connell Walshe.
- Author: Ninth Heaven Literature & Arts Association (NHLAA)
- Tags: Buddhism, Text, Indian, The Buddha, Maurice O'Connell Walshe, Saṁyutta Nikāya, Discourse, English, Early Buddhist, Library, #Import 2026-07-06 06:23, Sutta Piṭaka

"Monks, there are these three kinds of suffering.\[1\] What three? Suffering caused by pain,\[2\] suffering caused by the formations (or conditioned existence),\[3\] suffering due to change.\[4\] It is for the full comprehension, clear understanding, ending and abandonment of these three forms of suffering that the Noble Eightfold Path is to be cultivated..."

# Notes

1.

*Dukkhataa*, an abstract noun denoting "suffering" in the most general sense.

2.

*Dukkha-dukkhataa*, the actual feeling of physical or mental pain or anguish.

3.

*Sankhaara-dukkhataa*, the suffering produced by all "conditioned phenomena" (i.e., *sankhaaras*, in the most general sense: see BD \[*Buddhist Dictionary* (2nd ed.), by Ven. Nyaa.natiloka, Ven. Nyaa.naponika (ed.), Colombo 1972\] s.v. *sankhaara* I, 4). This includes also experiences associated with hedonically neutral feeling. The suffering inherent in the formations has its roots in the imperfectability of all conditioned existence, and in the fact that there cannot be any final satisfaction within the incessant turning of the Wheel of Life. The neutral feeling associated with this type of suffering is especially the indifference of those who do not understand the fact of suffering and are not moved by it.

4.

*Viparinaama-dukkhataa*, the suffering associated with pleasant bodily and mental feelings: "because they are the cause for the arising of pain when they change" (VM XIV, 35).

See also: [SN 38.14](https://www.journal.ninthheaven.co/civilisation/trad-buddhism/sn-38-14/).

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*Translated from the Pali by Maurice O'Connell Walshe.* From [Access to Insight](https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn45/sn45.165.wlsh.html?ref=journal.ninthheaven.co) (BCBS Edition). Licensed under free distribution only (see source for the specific license) — for free distribution only. Never sold.